Overview

Parmesan cheese, or Parmigiano-Reggiano, is a hard, granular cheese named after the regions of Parma and Reggio Emilia in Italy. Often referred to as the "King of Cheeses," Parmesan is renowned for its rich, savory flavor and crumbly texture, making it a versatile addition to many dishes.

Parmesan is traditionally made from cow's milk and aged for a minimum of 12 months, although it can be aged for much longer, up to 36 months or more. The aging process is critical for developing its complex flavor profile, which includes nutty, fruity, and umami notes.

Here’s how it’s made:

First, partially skimmed milk from cows fed on grass and hay is heated and mixed with natural whey starter. Calf rennet is added to coagulate the milk, forming curds. The curds are then cut into rice-sized grains and heated again. After the whey is drained, the curds are pressed into molds and submerged in a brine solution for about 20 days.

The cheese wheels are then aged for at least 12 months, during which they are regularly turned and brushed. The aging process can extend for several years, enhancing the cheese’s flavor and texture.

Identification

Parmesan cheese is typically sold in wheels, wedges, or pre-grated forms. It has a hard, gritty texture and a pale golden color. The rind is hard and often stamped with the name "Parmigiano-Reggiano" if it is authentic.

Parmesan has a strong, nutty aroma and a rich, savory flavor with a granular texture. It can be eaten on its own, grated over dishes, or used as an ingredient in various recipes.

Nutrition Info

One ounce (28g) of Parmesan cheese contains approximately 110 calories, 10g of protein, 7g of fat, and less than 1g of carbohydrates. Parmesan is an excellent source of calcium and phosphorus, and it also provides significant amounts of vitamins A and B12.

Selection

Parmesan cheese can be found in the cheese section of most grocery stores, often labeled as Parmigiano-Reggiano if it is the authentic variety from Italy. Here are some tips for selecting Parmesan cheese:

Authenticity: Look for the name "Parmigiano-Reggiano" stamped on the rind to ensure it is authentic. Avoid products simply labeled "Parmesan" as they may not be the genuine article.

Age: Consider the age of the cheese. Younger Parmesan (12-18 months) is milder and creamier, while older Parmesan (24-36 months) has a more intense, complex flavor.

Packaging: Ensure the packaging is intact and free from signs of spoilage. If buying pre-grated Parmesan, check that it is free from additives and preservatives.

Storage

Parmesan cheese should be stored in the refrigerator. If purchased in a wedge or wheel, wrap it tightly in wax paper or parchment paper, followed by a layer of aluminum foil or plastic wrap. This helps preserve its moisture and flavor while allowing it to breathe.

Pre-grated Parmesan should be stored in an airtight container. Parmesan cheese can last for several months when stored properly. If the cheese dries out, it can still be used for grating over dishes.

Preparation

Parmesan cheese is incredibly versatile and can be used in a variety of dishes. Here are some popular ways to enjoy it:

Grated: Grate Parmesan over pasta, soups, salads, and risottos for added flavor.

Shaved: Shave thin slices of Parmesan to top salads, carpaccio, or roasted vegetables.

Chunks: Break Parmesan into small chunks and serve with fresh fruit, nuts, or as part of a cheese platter.

Cooking: Incorporate Parmesan into recipes for sauces, breadings, and baked dishes for a savory boost.

Parmesan cheese adds a rich, umami flavor to dishes and pairs well with a wide range of ingredients, including tomatoes, basil, garlic, olive oil, and balsamic vinegar. Its robust flavor can enhance both simple and complex recipes, making it a staple in many kitchens.